Transactional and Transformational leadership styles Essay

Transactional and Transformational leadership styles - Essay Example es of these two emerging leadership approaches, the discussion attempts to explore and differentiate leadership roles and significances in change management analysing the case of IBM’s turnaround strategy to growth. In order to assess the diverse functions and competencies of leaders in the modern era, the paper also explores an in-depth understanding of these leadership approaches in terms of decision making and change management processes. The paper also demonstrates the other major functions of both transactional and transformational leadership with respect to the selected case to evaluate aspects of the firm’s while building relationship with the major group of stakeholders. Finally, the paper also suggests an effective set of recommendations from a critical point of view to the importance of transactional and transformational leadership styles in organisational turnaround. Overall, the report will present an argumentative thesis concentrating on the statement as to whether transformational and transactional leaderships are the only leadership styles that can be used in an organisational turnaround process. Transactional leadership approach can be defined as a particular style, which is primarily based upon setting the predetermined business targets for the followers. This approach uses both punishments (as a negative motivation prospect) as well as rewards (as a positive motivation strategy) in order to enhance the performance level of the individuals or groups (Gardiner, 2006). In the case example of IBM, the transactional traits, as emulsified in the leadership practices, are significantly highlighted during the period of the organisational turnaround. Throughout the tenure of one of the key leaders of IBM from the year 1985 to 1993, the decision of breaking up the organisational structure into different operational units not only fetched the company to experience dramatic changes but also led the firm to incur massive losses. In order to deal with the

A Lesson Hard Learnt Essay Example for Free

A Lesson Hard Learnt Essay I cannot begin to explain the importance of a mother in the life of a child. A mother’s love is something no one can explain. It is made of deep care, sacrifice and enormous strength. She is the kind of person who would slaughter her own dreams for the dreams of her children. She is someone who would stay up all night when her child is unwell. She is someone who scolds you for the petty things but embraces you when you have failed to keep up with life’s lofty expectations. A mother is a woman who has many roles to play but she would always put her children first. I also had a mother, a mother who loved me with all her might. I failed to understand her intentions behind her scolding, to understand how much she’d done for me, to understand all the hardships she went through to get me where I am. I failed to understand the values and the morals she tried to instil in me to make me a whole woman, just like she was. It was a Friday afternoon. I had just got home from an exhausting day at school. Mum was not home as yet. I lingered around the house thinking that she would be stuck in traffic and I was hoping she would come home soon because I needed to be at a party later that evening. Time passed without me doing anything constructive. I only forced myself to do work when mum was home and so I was enjoying the alone time I had with myself. The phone rang. I picked up the receiver not knowing that this one phone call would change everything forever. A jagged and cold voice whispered the news of my mum’s accident to me. My mum had slipped into a coma and the chances of her surviving where close to impossible. After hearing about this I was left dumbstruck! The receiver slipped out of my vigorously shaking hand. A sharp pain penetrated my veins and spread like a hot burning fire through my body. The fire entered my heart and my heart sank in a pool of escalating anguish. My fingers felt numb and I was unable to move for a few seconds. Slowly my hurt began flowing down my blistering cheeks as tears. The tears were flowing uncontrollably. It has been six months since the accident. In these months I’ve realised the importance of my mum. I feel the emptiness in my life. I took all the things she did for me for granted. I never showed her love and affection that she deserved. When I look back I regret all the things I should have done for her. I regret each and every word that I spat to her in anger. I regret the times we fought. Most of all I regret not telling her I love her. This tormenting experience has taught me to love and appreciate the people who love me because I am incomplete without them. This was a hard lesson learnt.

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Alexander Solzhenitsyn Essay

Alexander Solzhenitsyn's purpose in episodes one and two of One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich is to develop Ivan Denisovich Shukhov as a mediator for personal views and then to present those views on life, prison, and authority to the reader. This purpose is accomplished by the author's use of characterization, symbolism, and aphorism. The reader's knowledge of Shukhov is almost as restricted as the rules set forth in Shukhov's prison, and there is nothing that sets Shukhov apart from the rest of the prisoners. This allows the reader to focus less on him as a character and more on what he is intended to convey. The author’s first use of characterization occurs in the quotation, "Shukhov never overslept reveille. He always got up at once, for the next ninety, until they assembled for work, belonged to him, not to the authorities" (17). Through this quotation, the reader recognizes how Shukhov is willing to partake in the many challenges set forth by authority, but still appreciates the time he can set aside for himself. This characterization of Shukhov shows that the author values the idea of self-awareness. This is essential further in the novel as seen when Shukhov reflects on the importance of mealtime or breaks as solely for one's self, which contrastingly reveals the extent in which authority has stolen time from the prisoners. Another example of characterization stems from the quotation, "Shukhov realized, as he had guessed on the way there, that he wasn't being sent to the guardhouse at all—it was simply that the guardroom floor needed scrubbing" (23). This quotation shows that Shukhov has an in-depth understanding of the operations within his prison and can be trusted by the reader to provide reliable exposure. The rea... ... the prisoners survived. This is necessary to understand for later in the novel when an importance is placed on one's ability to outsmart the authority in order to actually survive prison. For instance, when Shukhov tricks the cook in prison into giving his squad more dishes. By using aphorisms from Shukhov, Solzhenitsyn is able to express universal truths to discredit the communistic society around him, a personal view he wished to share on a global scale. Through the characterization of Shukhov, the use of symbolism, and the use of aphorisms, Solzhenitsyn is able to recognize Shukhov as a mediator of his personal views thus providing the reader with the observations that he has made as a prisoner himself. Works Cited Solzhenitsyn, Alexander. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. Trans. Ralph Parker. New York: E.P. Dutton, a Division of Penguin, 1963. Print.

Wildes Importance of Being Earnest and Weschlers Boggs Essay

Wilde's "Importance of Being Earnest" and Weschler's "Boggs" At first glance, Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest and Lawrence Weschler’s Boggs: A Comedy of Values treat the issue of art’s function in converse ways. Wilde, the quintessential Aesthete, asserts that art should exist for the sake of beauty alone. Boggs, on the other hand, contends that art should serve a practical function: it should wake individuals from their sleepwalking by highlighting essential, overlooked aspects of society. Fascinatingly, neither Wilde nor Boggs firmly adheres to his ostensible artistic purpose. Wilde’s Importance of Being Earnest, although it showcases certain Aesthetic elements, incisively critiques Victorian society. The play is not a functionless work of pure beauty. Conversely, Boggs’ project clearly serves an instructional function while it simultaneously revels in its own beauty. Moreover, Boggs himself is often uncertain of what his art represents and does. When placed side-by-side, The Importanc e of Being Earnest and Boggs queer the division between Aestheticism and Functionalism, suggesting that both schools are unattainable ideals. In doing so, the two texts elucidate a holistic conception of art that fuses aesthetic value to social critique. Aesthetic beauty coalesces with function. Historically, Wilde was a staunch—even notorious—advocate of Aestheticism: a doctrine popular throughout Europe in the late nineteenth century which held that â€Å"art exists for the sake of its beauty alone, and that it need serve no political, didactic, or other purpose† (Britannica). Indeed, David Cooper in his Companion to Aesthetics argues that the doctrine â€Å"asserts not merely that a work of art should be judged only on ... ... [pleasure, beauty]† (GP 799) were most valued in the fourteenth century, and as we have seen, they still are today. Art must be beautiful and purposefully inspire thought. Works Cited "Aestheticism." Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. 2005. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online. 30 Nov. 2005 . Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Riverside Chaucer. Ed. Larry D. Benson. 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton, 1987. Cooper, David, ed. A Companion to Aesthetics. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995. Foster, Richard. â€Å"Wilde as Parodist: A Second Look at The Importance of Being Earnest.† College English 18.1 (1956): 18-23. â€Å"Functionalism.† American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed. 2000. Weschler, Lawrence. Boggs: A Comedy of Values. Chicago: Chicago UP, 1987. Wilde, Oscar. The Importance of Being Earnest and Other Plays. Ed. Richard Allen Cave. New York: Penguin, 2000.

The Modern Researcher

Both authors, Jacquez Barzun and Henry Grafff are historians and are faculty members of Columbia University. They finished this book by year 1969. THE BOOK- Summary and Purpose: This book is primarily intended to â€Å"guide and instruct students in the arts of research   and writing†(note on the revised edition), with special emphasis on historiography. The book is divided into three parts, with the titles: The First Principles, Research and Writing . The idea for the first principles is to lay down the necessary frame of thought, the attitudes and qualifications of a (modern) â€Å"researcher†- apparently, to distinguish him from an antiquated one. It combines both the technique of research and writing. Unlike common writing/research manuals that concentrate only on the â€Å"how to’s† ,   Barzun & Graff, offered all the necessary ingredients for excellent history writing that is based on fastidious effort to search for â€Å"the truth†. It is a book on historiography that develops the idea that â€Å"facts alone do not constitute history† but that these need to be interpreted and ably written. Writing   should consist an effort on the writer to communicate as close as possible his   own ideas to the reader. It gives a very convenient outline summary for all the great philosophical systems  Ã‚   that influenced historians and their writings. This background could further enhance an understanding of historians’ very human tendency to reduce patterns into ‘laws’ in order to make them coherent and unified. However, such laws overly simplify   phenomenon and , if possible, should be avoided by the writer. Barzun convincingly provides strong bases for his ‘principles’ through excellent  Ã‚  Ã‚   choice of examples. An anecdote on how a historian was able to establish the authorship of the â€Å"Diary of a Public Man† is such a good example on how   one investigates and verifies his data. This historian was able to come up with a  Ã‚  Ã‚   probable answer to his problem through trial and error that took him more than thirty years- visiting libraries, interviewing key people mentioned in the diary, verifying documents written during the period in question (Lincoln Administration). In the end the historian found out that the author employed both fact and fiction in his diary entry and therefore   this (diary)   would not be useful as a historical document. Another is about a researcher who investigated the origin of the motto: â€Å"In God We Trust† written on dollar currencies. He noticed that there was a period when such a motto was absent,   and he wanted to investigate, first -its origin and then,   the reason   for its absence; then, its revival in the present currencies. Through painstaking investigation he found out that it was Stuart Chase, the Secretary of Treasury who , being a clergyman, mandated its inclusion on all currencies during his incumbency. When his term expired, his successor had this motto deleted only to reappear later when the American Congress saw the wisdom of restoring it. Such examples on the process of research reinforces the idea that research is a worthy endeavor and   is indeed exciting. Moroever, the book stresses on the importance of having the proper perspective in writing history, i.e. â€Å"Book concentrates on principles of thought and analysis of difficulties and aims at imparting the fundamentals of informed exposition.† The authors repeatedly expounds on these throughout the book. Another important tenet which Barzun convinces his reader is that it is by way of probability that all scholars, including scientists can claim the truthfulness of their work. Thus, patterning in history is intended not to arrive at â€Å"laws† or generalizations that are â€Å"unbreakable† and immutable but rather to serve as guidepost that may give coherence to an ,otherwise, confusing motley of data. They are therefore made for convenience, just as periodizations in history are. The menacing issue on subjectivity and objectivity in historical writing was given adequate attention by Barzun. He avers that   these words apply â€Å"not to persons and opinions but rather to sensations and judgments† and are better avoided by historians and their critics. â€Å"An objective judgment is one made by testing in all ways possible one’s subjective impressions, so as to arrive at a knowledge of subjects.† A corollary principle will be that â€Å"competence, not majority opinion, is decisive. There have been collective hallucinations that deceived large majorities’† (p.166). This obviously happens, specially with political issues and with politicians who exploit public opinion to suit their ends. Analysis: Barzun & Graff’s Modern Researcher is, indeed, not an ordinary manual on research and writing. But I have only one comment, why did they entitle the book â€Å"The Modern Researcher†? Nowhere in this book did they explain the title. Does the word â€Å"modern† means a historical period? Or a frame of mind? I would assume that the work being about historiography may connote a historical period. But it could also be a frame of mind, i.e. progressive and liberal.

Enviornmental Conservation essays

Enviornmental Conservation essays Everglades, El Nino, Greenhouse Effect A subtropical climate, and broad rivers... the question is can the Everglades survive? The Everglades are used for our human needs such as drinking water, and irrigation. At one point and time the water would flow from Lake Okeechobee to the Florida Bay. It contains both temperate, and tropical plant life. Including, sawgrass prairies, mangrove, cypress swamps, pinelands, and harwood hammocks. The Everglades are also known for the rich bird life. Even an inch or two of elevation would affect the difference between wet marshes and dry ground. It is very sad to know that slowly wildlife is disappearing, and becoming extinct. Some of the rare animals that live in our Everglades include the Florida panther, West Indian manatee, and the American crocodile. Now when it could possibly be too late to save our Everglades there are projects out there to help us understand and protect our Everglades. As the population of South Florida continues to grow, our Everglades are going to become more and more endangered. Not only do we have to worry about the population growth, but as the population grows so does our pollution. Our Everglades are highly polluted. The more pollution, the more the wildlife will start to disappear. There needs to be a way where we can educate the young children to protect our Everglades before it is way too late. The native wildlife rescue does their part in rescuing sick or injured animals. They rehabilitate the sick, and hurt back to health. Our Everglades is such a difficult and fragile ecosystem that has such a diversity of animals and plants. Being as the Everglades is the largest remaining subtropical wilderness of the United States. We need to learn how to take better care of it. Humans take everything for granted, being that there is water available to them for their needs. Humans get greedy and begin not to care of their resources. In my opinion I believe tha ...

Change Management in Nokia Company

Change Management in Nokia Company Company background Nokia Corporation is an international communication firm whose headquarters are situated in Espoo. The company is popular for manufacturing mobile phones. In addition, the company manufactures other consumer products like mobile networks, set-top boxes, and apparatus for broadband internet.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Change Management in Nokia Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, Nokia Corporation supplies the motor industry with car speakers (Kautto 2009). Currently, the company dominates the mobile phone market with a market share of over 38.6 percent. In 2010, Nokia’s financial income was $2.6 billions. Engineer Fredrik Idestam established the company in 1965. During this period, the company dealt with paper products, which it exported to Great Britain and Russia. In early 20th century, the company concentrated on manufacture of wheelchair frames and rubber boots. Even today, some brands of bicycle tires bear the company’s name. The modern Nokia Company was established in 1967. The management brought the former paper mill section and the rubber works together to establish a technological company. In 1981, a mobile network was launched in Scandinavian, prompting Nokia Corporation to manufacture its first car phones. In 1987, the company manufactured its first mobile phone. At the same time, Nokia Corporation helped Finland, Germany, China, Poland, Italy, and Mexico to repair network for their entertainment industries (Ropponen 2008). In 2010, Stephen Elop joined the company’s management team. Nokia Corporation merged with Siemens to form one of the biggest telecommunication networks dubbed Nokia Siemens Networks. Currently, Nokia Corporation is among the companies that manufacture quality smart phones globally. The company continues coming up with novel inventions in line with the emerging technologies.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Factors influencing organizational change In 2004, Nokia Company started restructuring its operations as a way to satisfy customer aspirations. The company came up with a program dubbed â€Å"the Nokia Booster program†, which aimed at bringing together online customers and the company’s strategic development (Schienstock 2004). A number of factors contributed to the restructuring process. Among them include desire to, attain global coverage, embrace employee empowerment, promote co-creation, and support the community. One of the key factors that prompted Nokia Corporation to come up with the Nokia Booster program was the pressure to exploit the global market. The company was in need for establishing a single access point through which it could communicate with all its target consumers, and employees worldwide. Prior to the program, the comp any relied on a communication structure where information was conveyed from the top management, down to the employees through a number of senior staff (Schienstock 2004). Such a communication structure was slow. Consequently, the company required a communication structure that could keep pace with the contemporary marketplace. To enhance its performance, Nokia Corporation required having a platform through which it could share its agendas with employees. Previously, employees made limited contribution to organizational policies (Krell 2000). To make sure that employees backed the company’s agendas, Nokia Corporation had to come up with mechanisms that would captivate the employees. The company learnt that employees could be active if allowed to manage debates that fascinated them.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Change Management in Nokia Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To achieve this, the comp any assigned different employees to different agendas and requested them to share the agenda with the public. This helped the company to gather information from the public, therefore, aligning its operations with customer needs. The program helped the company to reach its target customers in remote areas where it was hard for employees to reach (Nonaka Teece 2001). Through the program, customers shared their views about the company and changes they wish the company to make, thus, spurring employee creativity. Indeed, the program led to numerous innovations in the company. Management team in Nokia Corporation maintained that, for the company to perform, it required exploiting the vast experience and knowledge; its employees possessed. Nevertheless, it could hardly achieve this without fostering cooperation between the employees. Senior managers came up with ideas concerning the innovations they would like to introduce into the company (Masalin 2003). The company then disseminated th e ideas to employees and customers through the Nokia Booster program. The program helped the company to establish a platform by which it could get opinions from all the stakeholders, therefore, coming up with products that meet all the desired specifications. Besides, the company needed to be sure that its employees are aware of the value of the projects the company initiates. Nokia Corporation could achieve this by involving the employees in formulation and implementation of the projects (Masalin 2003). The Nokia Booster program acted as an avenue through which the company fostered cooperation between employees in different departments.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a span of six months, the company had started witnessing inventions as employees seek to enhance organizational operations. In addition, employees shared ideas on changes they considered unfeasible, thus, helping the company pursue feasible goals only (Masalin 2003). How organizational change unfolded In 2004, Nokia Corporation made it public that it intended to begin organizational change, which aimed at helping the company meet changing consumer needs. The company reduced the number of its business units to four. It implemented the entire change within one week. To implement the change, the company required a hundred employees taking new jobs. All the other employees retained their original jobs. Nokia Corporation reconstructed its initial modular teams (Ropponen 2008). The company established a common platform through which all employees shared their ideas to help the company to address customer ambitions. Ropponen posits, â€Å"The genesis of the Booster Programme, launched in late 2008, could be traced to the wide involvement of the strategy-planning process and to the flexibility and project orientation of the modular structure† (2008, p. 163). The program started with a design team led by Ian Gee and Maximilian Kammerer. The design team argued that the traditional system of communication made it hard for the company to achieve its goals. Hence, the company required a platform that would help it involve all its stakeholders in pursuing organizational goals. The design team resolved to organize a workshop â€Å"with team leaders followed by the much broader involvement of the whole community through an online social network community† (Masalin 2003, p. 69). The corporation organized for workshops in different cities across the globe. At least a hundred change leaders participated in every workshop. After the workshops, participants went back to their organizations, where they recruited employees into the adopted change processes. Online c ommunity took the centre stage in steering the changes. This mishmash of traditional communication mechanisms and novel forms of relations established an upsurge of fervor (Masalin 2003). The Booster led to open discourse between frontline workers, community members, and managers about challenges affecting the company. The online community furnished employees with information concerning potential changes that could benefit the company, therefore, helping them initiate innovations. Reference List Kautto, P 2009, ‘Nokia as an environmental policy actor: Evolution of collaborative corporate political activity in a multinational company’, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 47 no. 1, pp. 103-125. Krell, T 2000, ‘Organizational longevity and technological change’, Journal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 13 no. 1, pp. 8 – 14. Masalin, L 2003, ‘Nokia leads change through continuous learning’, Academy of Management Learning Educati on, vol. 2 no. 1, pp. 68-72. Nonaka, I Teece, D 2001, Managing Industrial Knowledge: Creation, Transfer and Utilization, SAGE Publications Ltd, London. Ropponen, T 2008, ‘The Nokia story of using action learning’, Action Learning: Research and Practice, vol. 5 no. 2, pp. 161-165. Schienstock, G 2004, Embracing the knowledge economy: the dynamic transformation of the Finnish Innovation System, Edward Elgar Publishing, Northampton.

Diana, Princess of Wales - Timeline of Events

Diana, Princess of Wales - Timeline of Events July 1, 1961 Diana Frances Spencer born in Norfolk, England 1967 Dianas parents divorced. Diana initially lived with her mother, and then her father fought for and won custody. 1969 Dianas mother married Peter Shand Kydd. 1970 After being educated at home by tutors, Diana was sent to Riddlesworth Hall, Norfolk, a boarding school 1972 Dianas father began a relationship with Raine Legge, Countess of Dartmouth, whose mother was Barbara Cartland, romance novelist 1973 Diana began her education at the West Heath Girls School, Kent, an exclusive girls boarding school 1974 Diana moved to the Spencer family estate in Althorp 1975 Dianas father inherited the title of Earl Spencer, and Diana gained the title of Lady Diana 1976 Dianas father married Raine Legge 1977 Diana dropped out of West Girls Heath School; her father sent her to a Swiss finishing school, Chateau dOex, but she only stayed a few months 1977 Prince Charles and Diana met in November when he was dating her sister, Lady Sarah; Diana taught him to tap-dance 1978 Diana attended a Swiss finishing school, Institut Alpin Videmanette, for a term 1979 Diana moved to London, where she worked as a housekeeper, nanny, and kindergarten teachers aide; she lived with three other girls in a three-bedroom flat purchased by her father 1980 On a visit to see her sister Jane, who was married to Robert Fellowes, an assistant secretary to the Queen, Diana and Charles met again; soon, Charles asked Diana for a date, and in November, he introduced her to several members of the royal family:Â  the Queen, the Queen Mother, and the Duke of Edinburgh (his mother, grandmother, and father) February 3, 1981 Prince Charles proposed to Lady Diana Spencer at a dinner for two at Buckingham Palace February 8, 1981 Lady Diana left for a previously-planned vacation in Australia July 29, 1981 wedding of Lady Diana Spencer and Charles, Prince of Wales, at St. Pauls Cathedral; broadcast worldwide October 1981 the Prince and Princess of Wales visit Wales November 5, 1981 official announcement that Diana was pregnant June 21, 1982 Prince William born (William Arthur Philip Louis) September 15, 1984 Prince Harry born (Henry Charles Albert David) 1986 strains in the marriage began to be obvious to the public, Diana begins relationship with James Hewitt March 29, 1992 Dianas father died June 16, 1992 publication of Mortons book Diana: Her True Story, including the story of Charles long affair with Camilla Parker Bowles and allegations of five suicide attempts including once during Dianas first pregnancy; it later became apparent that Diana or at least her family had cooperated with the author, her father contributing many family photographs December 9, 1992 formal announcement of the legal separation of Diana and Charles December 3, 1993 announcement from Diana that she was withdrawing from public life 1994 Prince Charles interviewed by Jonathan Dimbleby, admitted he had had a relationship with Camilla Parker Bowles since 1986 (later, it was questioned whether his attraction to her had been rekindled earlier) the British television audience was 14 million November 20, 1995 Princess Diana interviewed by Martin Bashir on BBC, with 21.1 million audience in Britain, revealing her struggles with depression, bulimia, and self-mutilations; this interview contained her line, Well, there were three of us in this marriage, so it was a bit crowded, referring to her husbands relationship with Camilla Parker Bowles December 20, 1995 Buckingham Palace announced that the Queen had written to the Prince and Princess of Wales, with the backing of the Prime Minister and Privy Counsel, advising them to divorce February 29, 1996 Princess Diana announced shed agreed to a divorce July 1996 Diana and Charles agreed to divorce terms August 28, 1996 divorce of Diana, Princess of Wales, and Charles, Prince of Wales, final; Diana received about $23 million settlement plus $600,000 per year, retained the title Princess of Wales but not the title Her Royal Highness, continued to live at Kensington Palace; agreement was that both parents were to be active in their childrens lives late 1996 Diana became involved with the issue of landmines 1997 Nobel Peace Prize went to the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, for which Diana had worked and traveled June 29, 1997 Christies in New York auctioned 79 of Dianas evening gowns; proceeds of about $3.5 million went to cancer and AIDS charities. 1997 linked romantically with 42-year-old Dodi Fayed, whose father, Mohammed al-Fayed, owned Harrods Department Store and Paris Ritz Hotel August 31, 1997 Diana, Princess of Wales, died of injuries sustained in a car accident, in Paris, France September 6, 1997 Princess Dianas funeral. She was buried at the Spencer estate at Althorp, on an island in a lake.

Summarises the themes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summarises the themes - Essay Example The position seemed extremely painful and the body must have been subjected to excruciating pain through this activity. Considering this position, watching from above, the soul was extremely angry. The anger became stronger and stronger; however, he was powerless and could not do anything but watch. He screamed and shouted to let his body free and not subject it to such horrific activities. He would become quiet and listen to what they had to say and what they plan to do next and then start screaming again for mercy. After being subjected to this level of misery and not being able to do anything about it, he gave up. Once he gave up he found that everything changed. He now found himself in a place which was far away from this dreadful scene. He found peace and beauty from where he was now present. The environment was serene which left his speechless. He found himself floating in an area where there were beautiful rainbows and delicate beings. Everywhere he looked there were colors and sounds that were soothing to the ear. At once he forgot the pain he was being subjected and became lost in this beautiful world. The place seems timeless and he wanted it never to go away. The beauty was never ending, could be seen till far. In white robes, loving being welcomed him to his new home. He found them to be caring and helped him cross over to the next world. He left behind all pain and sorrow to be become a part of this new beautiful world. The being circled around him to show him that they were present at all times to comfort him and help him. The environment was such that all transparent clouds were blended together to bring about the beautiful scenario. The joy and happiness was unmatchable. It was serene and it was at once understood that it is only God who can create such an environment. The beings circling around him were sent by God to guide him into the right direction. His suffering was finally over and now he could become a part of this beautiful

BUS699 MoD 2 Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

BUS699 MoD 2 Case - Essay Example These models also help to investigate the external and internal factors affecting the organization and help to evaluate itself and prepare according to the demands from the environment (Falletta, 2005). There are several theories explaining the organizational diagnosis: This model investigates whether the company’s inputs align with the company objectives (Leadersphere, 2008). Every organization has objectives which help them achieve their vision and mission and therefore this model is used to assess the progress of the organization. Variations in the variables often result notable changes. This model does not put into consideration the environmental effects on the organization’s effectiveness and operations. Even though there might be some negative effects from the external environment, this model has limitation to it and does not consider its effects. This model identifies the degree to which the needs, objectives and structures of one part of an organization are congruent to the needs, objectives and structures of another part (Leadersphere, 2008). This model is only useful in making sure that these needs, objectives and structures are harmonious with another part. This model is used to investigate the internal and external factors influencing the organization and also how the factors interact (Martins & Coetezee, 2009). Moreover, the model does not have limit to the external environment since it analyzes both internal and external factors on how they affect the organization and also how they interact. This model helps the organization evaluate itself based on both factors which improves its performance. According to Burton (2006), this model analyzes how variations occur in variables. Its analysis is based on organizational structure and human resources. This determines how human resources and the organizational structure are used to bring out the best. Human resources are applied in an

Foundation of managing and organising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Foundation of managing and organising - Essay Example Both big and small decisions need to be made on a daily basis and the people in charge must always have the right capacity to make the right decisions (Heizer & Render, 2004). In the case of the Junction Hotel, it is realized that a number of economic challenges are presently facing the operations of the organization. According to the rational theory, people generally organize activities out of rational motives. Through the application of rational organization, it is seen that efficiency is increased since people are focused on achieving goals an objectives. In this case, costs are brought down as much as possible. In any case, there is no particular style of leadership that is best for all situations. Different situations and environments will normally call for different approaches. The ability to manage an organization effectively largely depends upon the experience and skills of the managers in addition to the type of environment prevailing within the organization. A good leader s hould have the ability to switch from one style of management to another depending on the people and the work in the organization. The role of management at the Junction Hotel basically covers most of the operations realized in conventional organizations. In modern organizations, managers usually influence all phases of the organization. ... In the basic sense, the role of managers involves directing the organization towards the realization of goals. All organizations usually have goals or objectives to accomplish and the managers must therefore use the resources within the organization to achieve these goals (Terry, 2011). In this regard, the hotel manager at Junction Hotel is not simply expected to manage the organization. Management has to find solutions, innovate and create opportunities within and outside the organization. In this respect, organizational managers should be well versed in all the core aspects relating to effective management. Many major organizational failures across the world are usually linked to some miscalculation on the part of the management. An organization is a collection of different people bearing different skills, ideas and behaviors. Managers should therefore harness and utilize this diversity to the benefit of the organization. All managers must have the focus of directing the organizati on towards the attainment of its objectives. The role of managers in contemporary organization usually revolves around three functional areas: interpersonal role, informational role and decisional role (Certo & Ross, 2007). Interpersonal role refers to the interaction of the manager with people within and outside the organization. In most cases, the duties of the manager are symbolic and ceremonial in a way. It therefore calls for effective interaction with all parties in the organization in order to create a harmonious working environment which is crucial for the success of an organization. For instance, manager should attend social functions and award certificates to the outstanding employees. In the same way, the manager should act as a leader

Marketing channel article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing channel article - Essay Example Amazon attributes the low sales and profits to market forces of demand and supply, and increased expenditures on operating and investing activities hence resulting to Amazon’s share price falling. Meanwhile, the company expects to exploit the fourth quarter, which is associated with the influx in customers who buy holiday gifts. To manage the expected rise in sales and further fuel growth, Amazon has laid down several strategies. It plans to acquire video game service Twitch interactive Inc. in order to increase its entertainment services. In the previous month, the company launched New Kindle tablets models in a wider scheme to lure more media customers. The company also plans to open pop-up stores in Sacramento and San Francisco to facilitate marketing of its electronics. Further, the company launched its Fire Smartphone in the current summer. Due to competition from Samsung’s galaxy devices and Apple Inc.’s, iPhone the Amazon was forced to reduce the price of the Fire smartphone weeks after the device began selling. Last month, the company obtained a $2 billion credit from the Bank of America to boost its continued investments in areas such as same-day grocer y delivery, which are anticipated to generate profits more for Amazon in the long-run. The company has been in disputes with some book publishers regarding the pricing of digital books. In the current week, Amazon entered into a deal with Simon &Shuster publishers, which the company claims will improve affordability of the books for readers while sharing the gains among the online retailers, authors and publishers. Two marketing channel concepts are seen in the article. The concepts are direct selling and selling through intermediaries. Direct selling entails selling products directly to the consumer; there are no intermediaries. Amazon deals with electronics such as the newly launched Kindle tablets and Fire

Liability for defective construction and design Essay

Liability for defective construction and design - Essay Example However, there are certain stipulations that must be met under different legal systems in order to ensure that the dispensation of justice is fair to all involved parties. The legal code in practice in the United Arab Emirates derives a number of different elements from English law but still has subtle differences when it comes to practice. This paper will look into the various kinds of protections offered under English law and UAE law for tortuous liability on grounds of defective construction and design. The discussion in this paper will be focused on the relationship between the developer (or contractor as applicable) and the end consumer who buys the constructed product or services in order to form a comparison of which legal system provides greater protection to the end buyer. Tortious Liability for Defective Construction and Design A number of legal systems provide for tortious liability for acts of omission and commission practiced by the contractor. It is possible to classify building defects using two clear classifications: patent defects and latent defects. While the former deals with defects that are visible to the contractor, consultant and other involved parties, the latter refers to defects that appear years after the building is complete. As far as patent defects are concerned, the involved parties can detect and deal with the defects as they appear unless the project owner is not satisfied. However, it is possible that latent defects remain and only appear after the building is taken into service. For example, it is typical to find leaking plumbing, easily broken floor tiles and the like once a property is taken into custody. The law does provide for remedies in these situations but such remedies are subject to certain stipulations such as time bars. English Law English law dictates that any defects observed after a takeover of constructed property must be evaluated through the Limitation Act of 1980. It is common practice for the parties involv ed i.e. the contractor and the project owner to agree to a period where any discovered defects would be rectified. It is typical to see contractual agreements between parties that stipulate periods of between one year and two years, after the completion of construction, to deal with any discovered defects1. This would apply solely to latent defects as common practice shows that patent defects are removed prior to building handover by the project owner or end consumer. Another set of circumstances would emerge if there are no such clauses available in the construction contract to deal with defects in the post construction completion scenario. In such circumstances, the aggrieved party has the option to go to a court of law in order to deal with any damages incurred due to the contractor’s actions. It must be taken to note that tort actions for such cases under English law are only possible if the tort claim is brought before the case no later than six years after the damage ha s been caused2. Technically the date that the damage is notice or secured is better known as â€Å"the date of action accrued†3. Here it must be taken to note that the involved parties may reduce or increase the period settled by the Limitation Act (1980) for tort claims to occur. It is common court practice not to interfere with the actions of

Marketing channel article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing channel article - Essay Example Amazon attributes the low sales and profits to market forces of demand and supply, and increased expenditures on operating and investing activities hence resulting to Amazon’s share price falling. Meanwhile, the company expects to exploit the fourth quarter, which is associated with the influx in customers who buy holiday gifts. To manage the expected rise in sales and further fuel growth, Amazon has laid down several strategies. It plans to acquire video game service Twitch interactive Inc. in order to increase its entertainment services. In the previous month, the company launched New Kindle tablets models in a wider scheme to lure more media customers. The company also plans to open pop-up stores in Sacramento and San Francisco to facilitate marketing of its electronics. Further, the company launched its Fire Smartphone in the current summer. Due to competition from Samsung’s galaxy devices and Apple Inc.’s, iPhone the Amazon was forced to reduce the price of the Fire smartphone weeks after the device began selling. Last month, the company obtained a $2 billion credit from the Bank of America to boost its continued investments in areas such as same-day grocer y delivery, which are anticipated to generate profits more for Amazon in the long-run. The company has been in disputes with some book publishers regarding the pricing of digital books. In the current week, Amazon entered into a deal with Simon &Shuster publishers, which the company claims will improve affordability of the books for readers while sharing the gains among the online retailers, authors and publishers. Two marketing channel concepts are seen in the article. The concepts are direct selling and selling through intermediaries. Direct selling entails selling products directly to the consumer; there are no intermediaries. Amazon deals with electronics such as the newly launched Kindle tablets and Fire

Radioactivity experiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Radioactivity experiment - Essay Example This also goes to the extent of explaining the practical sense involving radioactivity in the conclusions and recommendation segment. It clearly brings out the sense of radioactive decay in that, it ascertains on the fact that it indeed has to do with spontaneous disintegration of atomic nucleus that leads to release of matter and energy from the entire nucleus. This form of radioactivity experiment might seem simple but the logic behind it is very critical. The main objective behind the lab experiment was the aspect whereby I was investigating the radioactive decay concept by use of coins to simulate the decaying nuclei. Here, tossed coins were taken to have decayed when they came up as tails. The other objective and conclusion that was arrived at was on the importance of using coins in such an experiment, as well as the aspect of coin variations in terms of numbers with regards to both experiments. Radioactivity generally refers to the emission of particles or substances from the nuclei mainly due to nuclear instability. On the other hand, radioactive decay  refers to spontaneous disintegration of atomic nucleus that leads to release of matter and energy from the entire nucleus. Radioisotope has got unstable nuclei with little binding energy for holding the nucleus collectively (EDUCATION RESOURCES, 2014). Radioisotopes often experience constant motions with the ultimate verge of trying to gain stability. That kind of process often leads to release of matter and energy, hence leading to a sort of transformation into a new substance. This entire process is known as  transmutation, and has to do with the aspect of transformation of one element to another due to nucleus change. The transmutation process and radioactive decay will persist until new elements with more stable nucleus are formed. This process can either occur naturally or artificially. There exist three main categories of

Theories Of Ethical And Pshchological Egoism Essay Example for Free

Theories Of Ethical And Pshchological Egoism Essay Many feel that human nature drives people to deny all forms of altruism and the desire to help others; while an equal amount feels that it is the duty of every human to help others at all costs.   Because there is no way to really decide such a subjective argument, it seems personal preference is the best way to dictate such action.   The alternatives to such altruistic action are egoism, as described through ethical and psychological egoism. These options counter the utilitarian approach, which many find the preferable way for humans to act, and the greatest good for the greatest number of people should be in mind for every action a person makes.    However, the utilitarian approach often leaves open-ended questions on just how much help the fortunate should give to those who are not.   That is why the best approach is through ethical egoism, as if everyone looked out for his or her best interests, ideally, everyone would be able to support themselves and those for whom they care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While utilitarianism seems to be an ideal way to exist, it leaves too many questions about morality and the limits of altruism.   Egoism is much more natural, as it fosters the will to survive with a distinct rationalism.   The distinction between psychological egoism and ethical egoism reflects the contrast of is verses ought, fact verses value, or descriptive verses prescriptive (Philosophy Lander, 2006). In layman’s terms, this means that ethical egoism is based on the idea that individuals should do only what is in his or her self-interest to achieve morality, while psychological egoism accepts the fact that all people act in their self-interests anyway, despite any appearance to the contrary.   This expresses the difference between the descriptive nature of psychological egoism and the prescriptive nature of ethical egoism, with the former stating humans do things in their own best interests, while the latter states that humans merely should do things in their best interest (Lycan, 2001). To a psychological egoist, human nature is being wholly self-centered and self-motivated, which basically renders all morality useless (Moseley, 2006).   To an ethical egoist, morality is still pertinent and there are strong and weak types of the theory, with the strong version holding it is always moral to promote one’s own good, and it is never moral not to promote it, while the weak version states although it is always moral to promote one’s own good, it is not necessarily never moral to not (Moseley, 2006).   The weak version allows that there may be situations where pursuit of self-interest is not the most important thing and may actually be contrary to the best interests of an individual when concerning morality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The difference between psychological and ethical egoism cannot be fully understood without knowing the fallacy that exists with psychological egoism.   The fallacy is that people are always motivated by self-interest, when there may be a great variety of motivating factors affecting their decisions, especially emotions.   The concept of motivation has a great deal to do with each theory, as psychological egoism is motivated by individual selfishness, while ethical egoism is motivated by the idea that one must do what is right, even if against self-interests. Because of this, one can commit an altruistic act with ethical egoism, however, with psychological egoism altruism is impossible unless simultaneously serving the interest of the individual as well.   Selfishness and self-interest, while containing some similar attributes, are very different, in that selfishness focuses solely on the needs of the individual, while self-interest merely seeks advantageous circumstances to ensure success. Ethical egoism is a philosophical practice that encourages individuals to pursue their own self-interests.   While it is idealistic to think of helping unknown masses with one’s own hard earned money, it is also naà ¯ve to think that people should feel obligated to do so.   A person who works hard to make money to buy fine things is entitled to those things.   Just because a person is successful and can afford luxury items does not mean that they are obligated to help strangers because it serves some sort of utilitarian purpose. If anything, much of this altruism merely perpetuates a cycle in which those who are poor become accustomed to the aid of those who are not.   If they pursued their own self-interests, they would be better able to rise above their own struggles and create a successful world for themselves. Ethical egoism is not entirely without the concept of helping others, however it focuses not on people that an individual will never meet, but the people in his or her life and those that the person loves and touches personally.   Psychological egoism lacks the fundamental questions of morality to begin with, and helping others is only necessary if it benefits the helper.   While it is difficult to claim that either type of egoism is correct, or even preferable to a utilitarian approach, it allows individuals to remain independent and free of all illusions. REFERENCES Lycan, W. (2001). Morality. University of North Carolina. Retrieved April 26, 2008, from http://www.unc.edu/~ujanel/Morality.htm Moseley, A. (2006). Egoism. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved April 22, 2008, from http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/e/egoism.htm#SH2b Philosophy Lander. (2006). Psychological Egoism. Retrieved April 22, 2008, from http://philosophy.lander.edu/ethics/egoism.html

Effects of Teenage Pregnancy

Effects of Teenage Pregnancy Abstract In this paper, teen pregnancy is discussed. You would get an insight on contraception, abortion, sex ed., peer pressure, parental influence, and social situations. As stated in the paper, teen pregnancy is very serious, and its also a very sticky situation to go through especially as a teen. Teen females usually dont purposely want to get pregnant; they are mostly pressured or want to explore their sexual curiosities. Sometimes however, girls purposely try and get pregnant because they want to be a mother. In this paper you will learn all about teenage mothers and their babies and how it affects the both of them. What are the effects of Teen Pregnancy? Once upon a time, there was a baby who gave birth to a baby†¦Babies giving birth to babies? The teenage pregnancy rate is constantly increasing. In Louisiana alone there were 54 per thousand teen births as of 2006. In the U.S. 43 per thousand teen births took place in 2007. There are many risks for both the child and mother when giving birth to a child as a teenager. There are also ways to avoid pregnancy and other options when becoming pregnant as a teenager. In research, the Save the Children foundation found that approximately 30 million children are born to mothers under the age of 20. Not just in America but in more than 90% of the worlds developing countries. The birth rate in the U.S. is 53 per 1000 women (ages 15-19) as of 2009. In socioeconomic damage, teen pregnancies cost the United States over $7 billion annually. With adolescent pregnancy rates rising, costs are rising as well. The risks for teen pregnancies are numerous, for both mother and child. As a teen your bones are not fully developed, and you are not finished maturing body wise. To prevent some early risks teens should see their primary healthcare provider to reduce complications. Many moms put their selves at risk in fear or because of denial. In order to have a healthy pregnancy, the mother requires a healthy diet, prenatal care, exercise, and rest because as an adolescent the body is still maturing. The child is put at risk because as a teen mother, the baby is more likely to be premature along with a low birth weight which leads to problems in their later life. The problems range both mentally and physically. The child may also be born with birth defects. The teen mother is at great risk as well. The body is strained in order to birth the child. If the bones are not entirely developed the pelvic bone is injured as well as the spine with permanent damages. In psychological ways, when a teen becomes pregnant she may slip into a depression and she also is fear stricken because she feels she is too young to be pregnant. Sometimes they dont finish school because their pregnancy is too much to handle along with their education. If they do finish school they are alone. Stranded, people look at them strangely because they are young and pregnant. They are shunned from society in schools and public places; people use profanity against them and call them inappropriate names. The friends they once had dont hang around them anymore because they dont want to be caught with someone pregnant, or because their parents think it is inappropriate to have a pregnant friend and that the friend might influence them. In most high schools, students are taught sex education. However, in the state of Louisiana and several other states, schools are not required by law to provide sex education. If any of the school districts inside Louisiana would like to offer the course they must teach abstinence as well. They do not have to teach of HIV/AIDS, contraceptives, or any STDs at all. When sex education is taught it cannot be taught in grades first through sixth and it must be incorporated into another course curriculum. The options when dealing with teen pregnancy are not very broad. One option is adoption. There are many types of adoption such as agency adoption, independent adoptions, closed adoption, semi-open adoption, and open adoption, etc. When dealing with teens, most lean towards open or semi-open adoptions. In open adoptions, the parents get acquainted with the adopting parents. The parents are also allowed to be a part of the childs life as they mature. In semi-open adoption, the parents exchange information with the adopting parents and receive pictures, e-mails, updates, etc. about their child. In closed adoption, the parents never meet the adopting parents, and know very little about them. Another option for teen pregnancy is abortion, in which there are many types. One type of abortion can be done at eight weeks in which a tiny tube is inserted into the cervix and the body is vacuumed out. At twelve weeks suction aspiration abortion can be done, the mothers cervix is dilated and a kni fe like curette is stuck into the womb and vacuums out the body. Dilation and curettage is another type in which the baby is cut into pieces and the body is then scraped out. At eighteen weeks, the mother can have dilation and evacuation abortion. Dilation and evacuation is the use of forceps to break the baby into pieces and then scrape the inside of the womb. Saline injection is the injection of a salt solution into the amniotic sac. It slowly kills the child in approximately one hour and then the mother gives birth to a dead or dying child. In prostaglandin chemical abortion, a chemical is used to induce labor. The mother goes into labor but it is more violent and the child is usually killed or decapitated during the birth. In the last three months caesarean abortion is used. The womb is cut open and the umbilical chord is cut. The oxygen supply is cut off to the child and the child dies. As a last minute option, the teen may under go partial-birth abortion. Partial abortion is c ruel and painful for both mother and child. An ultrasound guides the abortionist. The abortionist grabs the babies legs with forceps, pulling the legs out into the birth canal; the whole body is delivered excluding the head and scissors are inserted to enlarge the skull, the babies brain is then sucked out and the dead baby is delivered. One final option for teen mothers is to raise the child, they may or may not be given the ability to finish school but their child is happy. The parents may be forced to get jobs to supply for their children. In some cases, the teens parents offer help to the teens and take care of the child as they finish school. Adult pregnancies are difficult but as teens the situation is extremely complex because the teen is still young and their bodies have not fully matured. The teen has responsibilities such as their education and social lives that are at stake because of their growing embryo. To avoid teen pregnancy they can try abstinence, and a plethora of contraception devices ranging from condoms, to birth control, to inter-uterary devices. Shunned from society and possibly their own families, teens are put under a truck load of stress. Conclusion Hopefully, this paper has taught you a lot about teenage pregnancy. This is 100% preventable with abstinence, 89.9% with protection, and 99.9% with birth control. The risks and social astigmatism are noted. With the exploration of psychological situations, the active sex rate is declining yet its still a problem. Bibliography Effects of Teenage Pregnancy. 2004: 16. Web. 12 Dec 2009. . Teen Mom. MTV Teen Mom. Web. 12 Dec 2009. . 16 and Pregnant. MTVs 16 and Pregnant. Web. 12 Dec 2009. . Abortion Methods. Life Site News. 2009. Life Site Mews, Web. 12 Dec 2009. .

What It Is To Be Human :: essays research papers

What It Is To Be Human The body is socially constructed; and in this paper we explore the various and ever-changing constructions of the body, and thus of the embodied self......The one word, body, may therefore signify very different realities and perceptions of reality.....(Synnot 1992, 43) It has been said that in order to understand life and society, we as people must first understand ourselves. Who are we as a people? Who are we as individuals? Who are we as humans? These questions all present themselves when discussing a topic such as this. I believe that it is indeed important to ask questions such as these, and also as important to answer them. All of this assuming of course, that there is one specific answer. My problem begins here, in that I do not believe that there is one defined answer to these questions. As you will see, many "great philosophic minds" have different views and beliefs relating to these questions, and it is my job to sort through these different beliefs and discover...... What it is to be human It seems that for ages the human body has been studied and inspected. However, literal "inspection" only takes us so far. As humans, we all know that there are parts of our "being" that are intangible. Take thoughts, dreams, and things of the like. We know they exist, yet they are unable to be inspected scientifically (to any valuable degree at least). The distinction between beliefs begins here. How one views this intangible side of life with respect to the tangible, is the factor that defines one's beliefs. There are several ways in which one may view the body. A dualist is one who views the body and mind, or tangible and intangible, as two separate intities existing together to form one being. The principle of "Cogito, ergo sum," or in english, "I think, therefore I am." The "I" meaning the mind, and "I am" meaning the body. (Synnott 1992, 92) The tangible side of the person being bound of course, by the laws of biomechanics and gravity, and the intangible being bound by nothing but the laws of reasoning. ".....the body, from its nature, is always divisible and the mind is completely indivisible." (Descartes 1995, 70) Like anything, dualism comes with its pro's and con's. Many people choose to believe in the idea of dualism because of its truths. Obviously, we can all see that indeed, the body is real and tangible, and that the mind on the other hand is the intangible, although it too is real. Likewise, as evidence of dualism we have undoubtedly felt the physical as well as the non-physical.

Razzle Dazzle

‘Competition destroys the fun and enjoyment of activities like dance. ‘ Drawing on events in the film, write an essay arguing for or against this statement. ‘ Competitive dancing is a popular activity that involves competitors performing dance routines in various styles before a panel of Judges. Dancing in a competitive program can enhance natural ability, self-esteem and confidence.However, the film Raze Dazzle shows that there are the downsides of competitive dancing which can include extracting yourself from everyday activities and a social life, feeling strained, reassured and nervous which can cause a build-up of anxiety that could potentially affect a performance as well as ruin friendships and/or relationships. Competitiveness can change the nature off person's personality.In the film Raze Dazzle, Tinsel's mother Justine is an overly competitive stage mother who pushes her daughter hard in order to make her famous by assisting her performance related needs an d requirement as well as obnoxiously demanding special treatment for her daughter and placing unnecessary and inappropriate pressure on her. The use of Tinsel's archival footage shows the audience a perspective of a past and makes it Lear that Justine is eager for her daughter to be a star.When the new student, Grace, comes with the possibility of stealing some of Tinsel's spotlight, Justine breaks down from the pressure and has to be consoled by Tensile. Tensile eventually has enough of Justice's pressure and collapses from exhaustion. Placing too much pressure on a child can make them dislike the activity. Miss Elizabeth is a perfectionist and strict dance teacher who is brutally critical on her students' errors and flaws, removing those whom she labels as â€Å"fat, lazy and untalented†. We learn hat her mother was also a dance teacher who later on got married and the business's name was later on changed to ‘Mrs..Elizabeth' and went somewhat downhill. As Miss Elizabe th is committed to her career, she literally has no life and refuses to get married like her mother. During a scene where she is discussing her success, the symbolic placement of her trophies in the foreground represents her love for her Job as a dance teacher she claims she is married to it. A announcement is a type of film in which dramatic techniques are combined with documentary elements to present fictional events in a documentary style. Satire is used in the film to represent and mock the inside world of competitive dancing.Mr.. Jonathans choreography comes off us Weird' to others and they contain political messages, but his Gazetteers eventually get first prize. Barbara didn't need to capture a boy from the orphanage and Justice's pressure on Tensile was unnecessary. The satirical nature of the film is trying to show us that we need to value our creativity and be true to ourselves. In conclusion, competition destroys the fun and enjoyment of activities like dance as the press ure and competitive attitudes has a negative outcome.A competitive attitude can help you feel good and ready to be able to take on challenging tasks and ready to achieve many things in life. However, competitive behavior can change the nature of a person. Rather than being there to have a good time as well as showcase their talent and creativity, competitiveness can change their focus to only being there to defeat others and associating people around them. Unsuccessful and falling short of winning, dancers can be left feeling like their efforts and skills aren't good enough therefore feeling even more pressured to be the best.

Operational Management at Mcdonald Essay

One aspect of facilities layout for McDonald’s is that when customers come into the building, they line up in one of several lines and wait to be served. In contrast, customers at Wendy’s are asked to stand in one line that snakes around the front of the counter and to wait for a server to become available. a) What is the rationale for each approach? b) Which approach do you favour from (1) a customer’s perspective and (2) management’s perspective? Explain. A Rationale for McDonald approach McDonald’s success had been built on four pillars: limited menu, fresh food, fast service and affordable price. Intense competition and demands for a wider menu drive-through and sit-down meals – encouraged the fast food giant to customize product variety without hampering the efficacy of its supply chain. McDonalds use assembly line procedures in their kitchen for mass production so as to keep prices low. Speed, service and cleanliness is one of the critical success factors of the business. Lining up in one of the several lines tied into McDonald’s capability statement on speedy service, efficiency and good customer service. Each staff at McDonald is trained to change roles within shifts and this makes resource management during peak and off peak hours manageable. At all times there is enough staff on hand to take care of business and overall effectiveness is improved Drawback to this approach includes huge rental space to accommodate large operational facility. It could also become very costly on staff training. Workforce productivity are not usually related to the number of staff working on a task, and productivity variance may tilt negatively for McDonalds on this. Operating cost are very high and unless this is well managed, it may not necessarily be profitable. Rational for Wendy’s approach The rationale for Wendy’s â€Å"old fashioned† hamburgers could be traced to the history of unsuccessful attempts to outperform the competition which created the low profile structure. Wendy’s headquarters shifted to Dublin after a merger with Triac, Arby’s parent company and the very conservative style of  European business. Structure of business is very simple and easier to manage; it does not envisage much growth and cater mainly for the bottom line. It will require less space and resources to manage. Also less inventory and therefore less operating cost, however this will also impact on profitability. Drawback to this approach includes disorganized premises during peak hours, unsatisfied customers due to longer wait times for service. Wendy at some point was also suspect for cleanliness and this approach would add more to the problem. Managers Perspective The two approaches shows different business and strategic objectives. McDonald approach depicts a growth oriented organisation that wants to create market dominance in the sector. Wendy concentrates on its core traditional product, so that those who appreciate the product will be kept in the customer chain. The McDonalds style will require acquisition of new business skills and technology while Wendy traditional styles will require less technology. Looking at the management styles, McDonalds is poised to remain the leader in the food chain industry with concentration on their supply chain system and product differentiation methods. McDonalds work with farmers to ensure that produce are sized right and grow to specification, while Wendy concentrates mostly on the beef. With these different styles, McDonalds will be my preference for growth and bottom line. Wendy cannot compare to Mac in the business because more and more happy customers are trooping to Mac for what they see as 21 cent ury improvements.

Communication in Relationships

Amanda Cordova SOC3400- The Family in Transition 29 November 2010 Communication in Relationships Communication plays a big role in how successful a relationship can be. There are plenty of factors that affect the way individuals communicate. The most difficult part about communication in relationships is how the other person corresponds with you. It is all about how you may speak verbally and nonverbally to others. Many people believe gender and their roles can make an impact. Females are the sentimental ones who want to express how they feel and focus on intimacy.Males tend to use these as excuses of why they should be in charge or have power. Their idea of being tough and strong is to not show their emotions. There are specific ways of expressing one’s self, but they must learn the basics of communication first. Verbal communication is crucial to communicating in general. One thing a speaker must be aware of is their tone. The tone of someone’s voice can be misinterpr eted. Besides tone, word choice can play a role in how positive you may communicate; language is flexible and can be used in different ways.If someone tells another person, â€Å"you do nothing, you’re lazy,† the other person may feel upset or useless. In reality, the other person may be busy with work and school and simply forgot or did not have time to do the dishes. Culture can also play a role on verbal communication. A famous saying in one country can be nonsense in another such as â€Å"what you said went straight over my head. † Culture helps create specific dialects for different groups to make communicating more efficient. If used correctly, verbal communication can make or break a relationship.Unquestionably, nonverbal communication has just as big of an impact as verbal. Nonverbal can affect auditory, visual and physical channels. In most instances, people can hear the other person talking, read their facial expressions and may be touching or receivin g a touch simultaneously. Nonverbal communication has fewer rules and has more meanings. Verbal communication is structured with grammar, spelling, and pronunciation such as periods and exclamation marks or â€Å"there,† â€Å"their† and â€Å"they’re. † On the other hand, nonverbal communication shows they can also convey ambiguous meanings.In example, a glance at someone could be defined as flirting, contentment, or a sign of warning. Someone’s facial expressions, eye contact, posture, gestures, vocal tone, and clothing are usually things we focus on when communicating in person. Most importantly, nonverbal communication is being used through technology. Through the recent years, people have been relying on e-mail, phones and text messaging to communicate. Some things can be misinterpreted and cause conflict between relationships. Together, verbal and nonverbal communications express meaning and go hand-in-hand with each other.Generally speaking, males and females have different ways of speaking to others comfortably. What most people realize is that some of the stereotypes about communication between men and women can be true, but also false. Men tend to communicate more â€Å"informative, honest, relevant, and use more clear language† (McCornack, 2010). They usually focus on activities, information, logic and negotiation. Men often see a woman’s perspective on emotions as unreasonable. With women, conversations are negotiations for intimacy and avoiding loneliness in which they â€Å"try to seek and give confirmations and support, and to reach consensus† (Tannen, 25).They tend to perceive a man’s view as unsympathetic. Both males and females have different ways of communicating intrapersonally and interpersonally. When a man has done something wrong, they blame outside circumstances before they blame themselves. They talk for more periods of time; this supports the reasoning of having power and controlling it. In mixed groups, men make 96% of the interruptions and the result is that women have greater difficulty presenting their ideas fully (McCornack 2010). Women can feel men are arrogant.Men can feel that women are not assertive; that women contribute less. Women focus more steadily on the speaker, whether male or female. The result is that men can perceive women are uncritical thinkers, or even as flirting. Since men make less consistent eye contact, they can be perceived as not listening. Since men have less connections between the 2 sides of the brain, it is sometimes easier for men to process information if they are not directly also trying to process meaning behind eye contact. So sometimes when a man is looking over a woman's shoulder he is really listening intently.Men will smile and nod to show they agree with the speaker. Women will smile and nod no matter what, including if she disagrees with someone. They will smile and nod when they are sad, when they are co nfused, and even when they are angry. The result is that men will think women are â€Å"on board† when in fact they might not be. Then men, then, are very surprised when the conflict does arise. Women are acculturated to be pleasant and smile–so it is very hard for men to â€Å"read† the smile. Women are more apt to say â€Å"please† and â€Å"thank you. The result is that men sometimes don't take women seriously. Both men and women have words they use more frequently than the other sex, and some words that few of the other sex use. For example, men use more war and sports-related analogies; women use more imagery and relationship-based analogies. According to Dindia and Allen, both sexes have socially created stereotypes that keep them from communicating effectively (1992:59). In their minds, they have a predesigned concept of what is the right way to talk to someone of the opposite sex and someone of the same sex.Some key words to remember when convers ing with another person are recognition, acknowledgment, and endorsement. Recognition is to declare that the other person exists. Someone may not voice their thoughts because they feel dismissed and overlooked. This can result in ineffective communication; the odds will always benefit one person over the other. Acknowledgement is a direct response, letting the other person know that you heard them. Endorsement is empathizing with the other person; let them know that you understand their view. Never become defensive or competitive with whom you are talking to.These factors can pollute the atmosphere and create a negative communication climate. The best way to improve communication in a relationship is recognizing one’s own style of expressing themselves. When expressing your feelings to someone else, always focus on talking about the other person’s behavior, your observations, sharing ideas and choosing the right time and place. If there is something bothering you, for example, not putting things where they belong, tell the other person that you are upset with their actions, instead of calling them lazy or inconsiderate.There are also four rules to follow for effective and efficient communication. First, you must say your feelings directly. Never assume that the person you are talking to knows how you think. Second, express and voice your feelings to your audience. If something is truly bothering you, take a stand and let someone know you are not happy and vice versa. This could work in some of the smallest situations like trying to decide on what to have for dinner. Thirdly, do not push your boundaries and know your limitations. If there is a problem in a parent and hild relationship, the child should never disrespect their parents. Lastly, do not use any foul language or curse words. If someone feels attacked or disrespected, they are more likely to dismiss the conversation or retaliate against you. There are three different theories that can be applied to communication in relationships. The first one is social exchange theory. Exchange theorists propose that corresponding with others can be controlled by a share of rewards and costs. A reward can be any form of positive exchange that benefits the relationship.Some examples are compromises, compliments and agreements. A cost is a negative exchange for instance critical remarks, complaints and personal attacks. Whenever there are more rewards for both people, they have made a profit in their relationship. When there are more costs than rewards, the result is a loss on both parties. The second theory that applies to relationship communication is gender role theory. Gender is socially and culturally constructed concepts that are attached to a male or a female. Gender roles are expectations that a male or female must fulfill or perform. Knox ;amp; Schacht, 78-82). Both are supposed to dress a certain way, they must participate in specific activities, and have completely opposi te interests. In many situations, males and females are divided from young ages, teaching children that there is no other way, but to live by the gender stereotypes that society gives them. Gender role theorists believe there is a social construction on how males and females differ. From early ages, males and females learn specific gender roles and behaviors that are considered appropriate for their gender.Males and females are expected to communicate differently because of their interests, causing a conflict in keeping the two from bonding. The last, and most applicable, is symbolic interaction theory. This theory uses a close-up focus on social interactions in specific situations. People tend to use the looking-glass self to solve situations. According to Knox and Schacht, this looking-glass self concept â€Å"involves looking at each other and seeing the reflected image of someone who is loved and cared for and someone with whom a productive resolution is sought† (2010:122 ).We tend to think about how our parents will feel if we do not go home for the weekend or how making plans with friends over a loved one will affect the outcome. When we communicate in our relationships, most people are consciously wondering how a conversation will be, making an impact on how the discussion will turn out. In the final analysis, communication can be affected by nonverbal and verbal communication and in some cases, gender differences. Verbal communication can share meanings, shape thoughts, manage relationships, and create conversation.Nonverbal communication is how we express our emotions, convey meaning, manage interactions, and help us communicate through our surroundings. Researchers still have not found enough evidence to support whether or not gender plays a role on communication, but social concepts show otherwise. Both males and females have predesigned thoughts of how the other must act, appear and talk. When we communicate, we need to recognize our own weak nesses and those of others. The way our relationships communicate can determine how our life will turn out.References Dindia, K. , ;amp; Allen, M. (1992). Sex differences in self-disclosure: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 106-124. Knox, D. , ;amp; Schacht, C. (2010). Choices in relationships: an introduction to marriage and family (10th ed. ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. McCornack, S. (2010). Reflect ;amp; relate: an introduction to interpersonal communication (2nd ed. ). Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's. Tannen, D. (1990). You just don’t understand: Women and men in conversation. London: Virago.

Political Science Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Political Science - Term Paper Example term â€Å"juridification† has arisen as a means of describing the practice whereby prior determination of precedence leads the judiciary in a direction that they would otherwise not follow. Although the term itself seems to imply a type of negative connotation; this should not be understood to be the case in all cases. Rather juridification is merely the outgrowth of an established, historically contiguous and stable judiciary that can have the advantage upon drawing upon a wealth of precedent and prior determinations in order to form an opinion. Likewise, the term itself can also be viewed in a negative connotation as the outgrowth and development of law oftentimes leads down a tightly confined path whereby the judiciary is predisposed to determinations that are seemingly unchangeable and non-elastic with the needs of society; merely based on prior precedent that has stood the test of time. As such, this brief essay will consider this term as well as attempt to determine whe ther the outgrowth and development of law during the course of the 20th century has been a net positive or a net negative for the judiciary and the public. As a function of this, the specific case Liebeck v. McDonalds Restaurants will be analyzed. Although juridification can have a positive effect on creating a channeling effect for precedence to determine the means by which certain cases should be decided; thereby making the job of the judiciary somewhat simpler, the downside to this is the fact that the full original intent of the law cannot be applied in such a way as to create a clear definition of intent based upon a blank slate of logic and information associated with a particular case. As a result, the continuing outpouring of case law, determinations, and judgments throughout the history of the judiciary in this country has served to create a highly complex and storied representation of precedent that only helps to further define and hedge in the understanding of juridification

Marketing Is the Production of Signs and their Meanings Essay

Marketing Is the Production of Signs and their Meanings - Essay Example Advertising is basically a source of societal information implanted in products that mediate personal identity as well as interpersonal associations. Advertising should thus be perceived as a vital part of the consumer society. This is because it generates patterned sequences of meaning which have a key role in social reproduction as well as personal socialisation. The "marketplace" can actually be perceived as a "cultural system" of sorts and not merely a method for the exchange of changes in the transactions involving products and money. It is the images as well as cultural symbolism that offer key insights into the character and operations involved in advertising. Cultural types of social communication actually generate meanings via non-discursive imagery which affects behaviour and consciousness in a subtle manner by allowing some kinds of behaviour and thought while delegitimizing others. For example, advertising suggests through its images affirmative presentations of self-assu red "masculine" manners and illustrations of fashionable as well as well-groomed women and men who desire to be successful in finding spouses. Therefore, advertising offers improper as well as proper depictions of behaviour as well as role models for both women and men. The outcome of this is the development of a culture where a person’s image has a more significant role than his or her linguistic discourse. Visual imagery is non-discursive, and thus associative, fictive, emotional and iconic, whereas vocal imagery is discursive (Elkington, Hartigan and Schwab, 2008). Advertising has played a major role in the evolution into a new culture that is observed with image, and thus in the change from a book/print or...The all important consumer is put on a pedestal and venerated. Successful marketing operations create a hyper-reality that the ordinary customer believes in because most of the time it is unanticipated and unusual but exhilarating and artistic. For example, the Disney Empire is actually founded on the creation of fantasy which is not actually a requirement but a product of the cooperation of Disney’s employees, consumers, reviewers, and agents (Hurley, 2005). This is also the case where the electronic corporations are concerned. For example, Apple’s Macintosh computer was not a requirement that was necessary for the consumers. It was simply a persuasively seductive computer vision with a â€Å"warm and responsive† image that had been created by Steve Jobs and his group. The actual computer product was then created to occupy this vision. Marketing practice, is, therefore, not really created by the model of a sovereign customer in the post modern world, as by the pursuit for an influential hyper-reality that marketers as well as consumers can believe in. It is not the consumer but the image that is considered as being sovereign. A good example of this is found in a Pepsi commercial that was shown not so long ago. A beautiful supermodel who neglected to consume the product was instantly transformed into an ugly mannish creature.

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Compare and contrast - Essay Example The story takes the help of a simple dream or illusionary craze of the young boy to show him the stark reality of Dublin’s life that is very different from the world of is own making. This describes the boy’s experience, emphasizing more on the character portrayal than anything else. The narrator describes how the city and the surroundings had eaten into the health of the young boy’s life and contributed towards creating the person that he was. The protagonist of the story is the matured boy who had once been the innocent boy depicted in the story. The story opens with the lines â€Å"North Richmond Street, being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers School set the boys free† (Joyce). Ironically, even though they were free from school, even their play did not give them the desired pleasure, for it was an equally dull world, where not even play brought any refreshment for the children. All these descriptions of dullness actually creates the backdrop against which the boy took resort of imagination larger than life and hence encounters a surprising disillusionment The antagonist in the story is the culture and life of Dublin, which has a significant role in shaping the boy’s mind along with the other inhabitants in the city. Joyce refers to Dublin as â€Å"indeed sterile†. This coaxes the innocent mind to seek shelter to a world of his own making or imagination where the boy seeks peace and happiness that the reality could not give him. The narrator himself is the young boy in the story who brings out the stark reality and the disillusionment undergone by the innocent soul. In his allegorical piece of work, Joyce intends to make the reader realize the harsh life that people were compelled to face in Dublin. And creates a platform for disillusionment which was a combination of wisdom and

Classical Ideals Represented in Eighteenth Century Paintings Essay

Classical Ideals Represented in Eighteenth Century Paintings - Essay Example The essay "Classical Ideals Represented in Eighteenth Century Paintings" analyzes Eighteenth Century Paintings and Classical Ideals Represented in them. The classical cultures of Greece and Rome with their well evolved political organization were based on traditions of liberty, civic virtue, morality and sacrifice; and were considered worthy of emulation, during the great political upheavals in Britain. The significance of classical ideals in this era, emphasized neoclassicism during the French and American revolutions. Also, spectacular finds from the excavations of the Roman cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii, buried in 79 CE by the volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius, further fuelled public interest in classic art and architecture. Additionally, the scholarly attention of art historians such as Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717-1768) focused on the ancient world and classical antiquity, thus extensively increasing interest in neoclassicism. The reknowned art critic and poet Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867) observed that eighteenth century paintings contained â€Å"a form of perfection borrowed from a repertory of classical ideals†. This paper proposes to determine the extent of truth in Charles Baudelaire’s above statement, by studying works of art from the eighteenth century painted by well-known artists of the time: Anton Raphael Mengs, Gavin Hamilton, Angelica Kauffman and Elizabeth Vigee-Lebrun. In the intellectual and artistic world of eighteenth century Britain, there was a sense of optimism.

GBST Reading Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GBST Reading Summary - Assignment Example In Amoral Familism, corruption is an aspect involving particularism, wherein providing resources, one believes it is only to those that the person feels obligated to (Harrison and Huntington, 2013), with nepotism as its most expressed form. Majorities of market forms are established on universalism and not particularism; hence, corruption does not sustain such market values. Similarly, corruption is equally attributed to religion and culture, based on the perspective that certain cultural and religious settings influence the occurrences of corruption. For example, from social science consensus, it is evident that religion is a significant determinant of varied secular cultures such as protestant-dominated environments having an increase in corruption compared to those with least domination of Protestants (Umphlett, 1985). Such a point of view is because protectants in contrast to other Christianity denominations believe that the ability to avoid sin is a personal issue, and each has the ability of so doing. The link between Protestants and corruption goes a long way to affect the economic developments of such areas. Considerably, the relationship between Protestantism and perceptions of corruption indicate that such a relationship enhances in the control of per capita income. Such an indication shows that higher corruption-prone areas influences higher economic development of the individuals participating in the corrupt dealings (Harrison and Huntington, 2013), according to the article â€Å"Religion, Culture (Kent, 2008), and Corruption.† In the contrary to â€Å"Amoral Familism,† ties that are most important and significant are those between families, as in a mother and her child. It is considered that such close ties, are the ones most responsible for influencing corruption through elements such as nepotism, and not ties of the

Elektra Products, Inc. Essay Example for Free

Elektra Products, Inc. Essay Questions: 1. How might top management have done better job changing Elektra products into a new kind of organization? What might they do now to get the empowerment process back on track? The top management of Elektra Products, Inc. introduces a new era of involvement and empowerment in their organization. They only assigned selected managers to work on several problem-solving teams to come up on ideas on how to implement empowerment campaign. With this, only top management approved the objective of this plan. They should involve the middle managers and employees with the study team. Explain and give them understanding about the objective and be clear about the intended result of empowerment. Top management might get empowerment back on track, by motivating their employees and gaining their trust. Clearly stating them the vision and mission of the empowerment plan. Also thru effective communication, employees concerns would be known and resolved. 2. Can you think of ways Barbara could have avoided the problems her team faced in the meeting with department heads? If Barbara include the department heads with her meetings within the team with the study, she could avoid the problem of resistance. The department heads could give her more ideas and opinions concerning about the company. She should talk with department heads to be aware of what issues they want to address and how they address them. If all the concerns are to be known, they could provide their support in helping them to resolve the problems. Barbara would be able to discuss further her views on the concept of empowerment and ask them to come up with what they could do to make them choose to be empowered.

The Beloved, by Toni Morrison | Summary and Analysis

The Beloved, by Toni Morrison | Summary and Analysis 124 was spiteful. 124 was loud. 124 was quiet. The house 124 that Sethes family lives in is haunted by the ghost of the baby who drives her two sons away as well as the rest of the neighbourhood. Paul D, an old friend from Sweet Home, visits 124 in search of Baby Suggs, Sethes mother-in-law, only to find she died eight years ago. Paul D is invited into the house where he meets Denver and senses the evilness of Beloved, however the ghost is soon sent away after Paul Ds arrival which upsets Denver and causes her to act coldly towards him. Recalling memories of Sweet Home of Sethes marriage to Halle, the other men at Sweet Home and Sethes escape, the notion of a future with Paul D crossed Sethes mind. That Thursday the three of them went to the carnival in town which made all three happy, however on return to 124 they found a woman sat on a tree stump who said her name was Beloved which excited Denver for she now had the company she longed for. Denver went out of her way to make Beloved feel better and although Denver loved her, Paul D thought there was something strange about her. Beloved continued to ask Sethe and Denver of their past and Denvers birth. Denver told Beloved about Baby Suggs, her Grandmother, and about the Clearing where Baby Suggs used to preach. The three women headed towards the Clearing for Sethe to think, however she was choked by someone or something who she thought was Baby Suggs. Denver thought otherwise and thought it was Beloved who choked her. Beloved seduces Paul D after he believes she has driven himself and Sethe apart. This leads Paul D to ask for him and Sethe to have a child together, thinking that this would relieve Beloveds power over him. Howev er, Paul D is infuriated by Beloved as she waits for Sethe to return home from work, which strengthens Sethes belief of Beloved being her child she gave birth to and breaks the romance between the couple because she wants Paul D to leave. In flashback, the memory of Sethe murdering her baby is then evoked. It was Stamp Paid, an old friend, who took the dead baby from Sethe and gave her Denver before Sethe was placed in custody. Then in present, Stamp visits Paul D and shows him a newspaper clipping of when Sethe murdered the baby. In disbelief, he insults Sethe and leaves her. Sethe took Baby Suggs advice; lay it all down and so she did. The three of them went ice skating and laughed endlessly resulting in Sethe to go late to work the next day, and she did so for the following weeks until she was fired. Feeling guilty for sending Paul D away, Stamp argues with Ella after finding out she didnt offer Paul D a place to stay and he was staying at the church, recalling memories of Sweet Home. Feeling she was responsible for the silence and hunger at 124, Denver felt it was only right that she left 124. All three grew tired therefore in search for a better life, Denver received help from Lady Jones and the rest of the neighbourhood. During the day she looked after Sethe She and in the evenings worked for the Bodwins. However, on the first day of work, when Edward Bodwin came to collect her, the ladies of the neighbourhood gathered together at 124. As Edward arrived, Sethe thought of him as a man who wanted slaves and attacked him with an ice pick, leaving Beloved standing on the porch alone but as everybody looked back, there was nobody standing on the porch. After the incident, Paul D came back into Denver and Sethes lives and they all forgot Beloved and thought of her as an unpleasant dream. Narrative Style This novel is written in third person singular with an omniscient style but however shifts to first person singular; Sethe had the amazing luck of six whole years of marriages to that somebody son who had fathered every one of her children and I never had to give it to nobody else and the one time I did it was took from me they held me down and took it. The pronouns he and she are frequently used and characters are continuously addressed by their names. The novel is also written in flashback whilst describing Sethes escape and the birth of Denver to Beloved. Flashback is also found when she recalls memories of Sweet Home with Paul D and when Paul D has memories of his brothers. Also there is a chapter written in stream of consciousness relating to Beloveds thoughts; I am not big small rats do not wait for us to sleep someone is thrashing but there is no room to do it in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Character Analysis Denver: is an independent, selfless young lady. This is shown through her care and devotion to Beloved when she arrives at the house sick. She is also a determined girl that devotes her time to her family, especially her mother when she is sick. Denver is an independent woman as her independence is shown when she seeks a job to support her family when her mother lost her job. Sethe: is a very kind and compassionate woman as she is devoted to her family, even during the hardest situations. This is shown because she was a slave in her past at Sweet Home and she escaped for her family. It is also portrayed when she went hungry and picked the crusts for her children to eat, especially Beloved. She is also a very proud woman as she is determined to endure the correct way of marriage at Sweet Home when marrying Halle this is shown when Sethe is adamant on having a wedding dress on the first night they are together. Beloved: at first is portrayed as a helpless woman, seeking attention and love. This is given to her by Denver as she cures her from her sickness by devoting her time. However, Beloved then becomes an untrustworthy, selfish woman. Her selfishness is shown manipulation, as she deceives Sethe by acting upon her guilt. She doesnt forgive Sethe for her past and forces power upon her to give her what she wants. Language Diction Beloved is a descriptive novel that uses informal language often including slang and vulgarity throughout dialogue. The language and diction also reflects the speech of Afro-Americans for example; Beloved, she my daughter. She mine. Long sentences are used to describe feelings and objects, for example; Although they had been polite to her during the quiet time and gave her the whole top of the bed, she remembered how it was before: the pleasure they had sitting clustered on the white stairs she between the knees of Howard or Buglar while they made up die-witch! stories with proven ways of killing her dead. Short sentences are used more often during dialogue such as; Now you. Come on, and Come on in here girls. Short sentences are also used to make impact and emphasize the meaning, for instance; 124 was spiteful. Full of a babys venom. Imagery The imagery is evident throughout the novel because all stimuli are aroused. Tactile imagery is evident when Paul D touches Sethe in the kitchen as he rubbed his cheek on her back and learned that way her sorrow. There is a sense of smell when the roses at the carnival are described; the closer the roses got to death, the louder their scent and stench of the rotten roses. Visual imagery is foreseen throughout the novel when the keeping room is described and how Baby Suggs was starved for colour. One can imagine the slate-coloured walls and the earth-brown floor and the dullness of the room. Auditory imagery is evident when Denver can hear chickens and the knock of a badly hinged gate as well as voices behind her as she walked. Taste imagery is evident when the numerous offers of foods are found on the tree stump each day, each meal provided by a different neighbour; sack of white beans, plate of cold rabbit meat, Taste imagery is also found during a memory of 124 of tonic mixed that cured a relative, as one can imagine the strength of the mixture. Themes The theme of evil is represented throughout the novel by Beloved, as a ghost and as a person. This is evident when the ghost of Beloved chases away her two brothers, Howard and Buglar as well as other people who use to walk along Bluestone Road. The evil represented through Beloved as a human being is when she manipulates Sethe and causes pain for Sethe, although Sethe only seeks forgiveness. A theme of religion is also apparent throughout the novel as God and Jesus are constantly being referred to. It is carried throughout the novel by Baby Suggs from her preaching at the Clearing then Paul D and at the end of the novel, by Denver who was given a Bible by Lady Jones. Setting This novel is set in America mainly 124 Bluestone Road. This is evident because Sethe escaped to Ohio to number 124 where Baby Suggs was living in Cincinnati. The novel is also set at a place called Sweet Home. Sweet Home is brought into the novel whilst Sethe has flashbacks of her past before she escaped. The setting is also evident because of the diction used whilst a character speaks. Genre The genre is a family drama because of the life experiences the family endure. All adult characters in the novel were previously slaves who had escaped and Baby Suggs was bought by her own sons earnings. Sethe also experienced her childs death before her own. After this, her dead daughter came back to 124 but tormented her by using her guilt against her. The novel is also an Afro-American genre because of diction used during speech and first person narrative style. Aspects I liked I enjoyed the fact that Sethe escaped from the hardships of being a slave at Sweet Home and that her present is better because she left the home. I also enjoyed the fact that Denver devoted her time to Beloved and that Sethe and Denver were accepting of her when they found Beloved sat outside their house. I didnt enjoy the fact that Paul D just left Sethe from his jealousy of Sethes love towards Beloved and his negativity and disloyalty towards Beloved. I also didnt enjoy the fact that Beloved turned against Sethe and starting making her pay for her past even though Sethe felt apologetic and guilty for what she had done and now only wanted to give Beloved the best. I was happy that Denver did everything she could to protect Sethe from Beloveds nastiness and glad when Denver and Sethe could forget the torment and pain Beloved caused. Recommendations I would recommend this novel to any high school children that is not easily offended by vulgar language but whoever understands the change from past to present as the novel is written in flashback making it a difficult read. I would also recommend this novel to one who enjoys reading about the hardships of life and devastation that can be caused in the future from mistakes in the past, affecting not just one person but a whole family.